To save the time and load, deep learning, which is a method of artificial intelligence is introduced. While using the photos obtained by vehicle-mounted camera, the damage states of bridges can be evaluated manually, it still requires a lot of time and load. In order to reduce the inspection work, an attempt is made in this paper to develop a new inspection method using deep learning and image processing technologies.

However, it requires a lot of load and expense. Usually, the inspection has been performed through the visual evaluation of experienced engineers. In Japan, all bridges should be inspected every 5 years.

2Department of Civil Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.

1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.

You don't want to get struck by the next flash of lightning.Yasutoshi Nomura 1*, Masaya Inoue 1 and Hitoshi Furuta 2 Remember, if you can hear thunder, chances are that you're within striking distance of the storm. Keep in mind that you should be in a safe place while counting.

If you count the number of seconds between the flash of lightning and the sound of thunder, and then divide by 5, you'll get the distance in miles to the lightning: 5 seconds = 1 mile, 15 seconds = 3 miles, 0 seconds = very close. Since you see lightning immediately and it takes the sound of thunder about 5 seconds to travel a mile, you can calculate the distance between you and the lightning. The loud boom that you sometimes hear is created by the main lightning channel as it reaches the ground.

If the thunder sounds more like a rumble, the lightning was at least several miles away. Typically, a sharp crack or click will indicate that the lightning channel passed nearby. As you continue to listen, you'll hear the sound created from the portions of the channel farther and farther away. When you listen to thunder, you'll first hear the thunder created by that portion of the lightning channel that is nearest you. This rapid expansion and contraction creates the sound wave that we hear as thunder.Īlthough a lightning discharge usually strikes just one spot on the ground, it travels many miles through the air. Immediately after the flash, the air cools and contracts quickly. The temperature of the air in the lightning channel may reach as high as 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit, 5 times hotter than the surface of the sun. The lightning discharge heats the air rapidly and causes it to expand. Thunder is created when lightning passes through the air. The sound of thunder should serve as a warning to anyone outside that they are within striking distance of the storm and need to get to a safe place immediately! Thunder is the sound caused by a nearby flash of lightning and can be heard for a distance of only about 10 miles from the lightning strike.

Crack accurate 5